Testing for Lead Paint Before Window Replacement

Before disturbing painted surfaces in pre-1978 homes, knowing whether lead paint is present helps determine the appropriate safety measures. According to the EPA, several testing options are available.

Why Test?

According to HUD, testing provides:

• Confirmation of lead presence (or absence)
• Information about which surfaces contain lead
• Documentation for contractors and potential buyers
• Basis for risk assessment

However, according to EPA RRP requirements, certified contractors must assume lead is present in pre-1978 homes unless testing proves otherwise.

Testing Options

According to EPA guidance:

EPA-Recognized Test Kits

What they are: Chemical swab tests available at hardware stores

How they work: Swab changes color in presence of lead

Cost: $10-30 for multiple tests

Limitations:

• According to **EPA**, only two kits are currently recognized: 3M LeadCheck and D-Lead
• Can produce false negatives (missing lead that's present)
• Not accepted as proof of absence for RRP purposes

XRF Testing (Professional)

What it is: X-ray fluorescence gun that detects lead through paint layers

Advantages:

• Non-destructive
• Immediate results
• Measures lead concentration

Cost: $200-400 for whole-house inspection

Best for: Comprehensive testing before major renovation

Laboratory Analysis

What it is: Paint chips sent to certified lab for analysis

Advantages:

• Most accurate
• Definitive results
• Legal documentation

Cost: $20-50 per sample plus lab fee

Limitations: Requires removing paint samples

What to Test

According to HUD, for window replacement, test:

1. Window sashes and frames
2. Window trim (interior and exterior)
3. Window sills
4. Wall surfaces around windows
5. Exterior siding near windows

Interpreting Results

According to EPA:

| Result | Meaning | Action |
|--------|---------|--------|
| Positive | Lead paint present | Lead-safe work practices required |
| Negative (test kit) | Lead not detected | RRP still applies unless lab-confirmed |
| Negative (lab) | No lead present | Normal work practices acceptable |

The Bottom Line

Testing helps you understand your situation, but according to EPA, contractors must follow lead-safe practices in pre-1978 homes regardless of test results unless laboratory testing confirms no lead is present.

*For complete lead safety information, see: [Lead-Safe Window Replacement](/guides/lead-safe-window-replacement)*