The EPA Lead RRP Rule: What Homeowners Need to Know

If your home was built before 1978, window replacement triggers federal lead safety requirements. According to the EPA, the Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) Rule exists to protect families from lead dust exposure.

When the Rule Applies

According to EPA regulations, the RRP Rule applies when:

1. Building age: Home built before 1978
2. Work type: Renovation disturbing more than 6 square feet of painted surfaces per room (or 20 square feet exterior)
3. Building use: Child-occupied facilities (including most homes)

Window replacement almost always disturbs more than 6 square feet of painted surface.

Why 1978?

According to the CDC and EPA, lead-based paint was banned for residential use in 1978. Before that:

• Lead paint was common and often preferred for durability
• According to **HUD**, homes built before 1940 have a 87% chance of containing lead paint
• Homes built 1940-1959: 69% chance
• Homes built 1960-1977: 24% chance

What the RRP Rule Requires

According to EPA requirements, contractors must:

Before work:

• Be EPA-certified (or state-certified where applicable)
• Provide the EPA "Renovate Right" pamphlet
• Post warning signs

During work:

• Contain work area with plastic sheeting
• Prohibit certain practices (open flame burning, power sanding without HEPA)
• Minimize dust creation

After work:

• Clean using specific methods
• Verify cleaning with visual inspection
• Dispose of debris as lead-contaminated waste

What Homeowners Must Know

According to EPA guidance:

1. You'll receive a pamphlet: "Renovate Right" must be provided before work begins
2. You may see containment: Plastic sheeting around work area is normal
3. Cleanup takes time: Lead-safe cleanup is more thorough than regular cleaning
4. DIY has risks: If you do your own work, you still create lead dust exposure

Penalties for Non-Compliance

According to EPA, contractors who violate RRP rules face:

• Fines up to $37,500 per day per violation
• Potential criminal penalties
• Liability for resulting lead poisoning

The Bottom Line

If your home was built before 1978, window replacement should be done by an EPA-certified contractor using lead-safe practices. According to CDC, lead dust from renovation is a leading cause of childhood lead poisoning—proper procedures prevent this.

*For complete lead safety guidance, see: [Lead-Safe Window Replacement](/guides/lead-safe-window-replacement)*